Aerobic impairment

Discussion points 4-6

Evidence that the auditory system is susceptible to impairment by loss of aerobic

enzyme function

. One famous example is

when

the co-

enzyme thiamine

(vitamin B1)

is lacking [

37-49

]. See

figures

, and

Note: Beriberi was once believed to be caused by a bacterial infection: “The

cause

beriberi

appears to be a bacillus which gains entrance to the

alimentary canal in

contaminated food and

drink.” [

, p289]

Evidence that the auditory system is part of the subcortical pattern of damage

found in

children

affected

kernicterus [

51, 52

]. See

figure

below.

Note: Ranck and Windle (1959) in their paper on asphyxiation of newborn

monkeys

commented:

“The human neuropathologic entity most closely

resembling the effects

of asphyxia neonatorum in

the monkey is kernicterus.

There are similarities in the

distribution and type of nerve cell changes

in both

conditions. Major differences

between the findings in the monkey and those

in human

infants with kernicterus are

absence in the former of the usual

history of erythroblastosis fetalis,

lack of clinical

jaundice, lack of pigment in

the lesions, . . .” [

, p153]

Evidence that bilirubin staining of the basal ganglia and other subcortical areas

secondary to

impairment of

the blood-brain barrier [

53-57

Note: Bilirubin is not toxic. Bilirubin staining of subcortical nuclei results from

impairment of the

blood-brain barrier by anoxic-ischemic injury or by a

substance

that

disrupts aerobic metabolism.

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