Replacement transfusion for erythroblastosis fetalis
    Discovery of maternal antibody production in response to fetal blood leakage from
    the placenta at birth.  The first treatment was full replacement of the blood of
    newborns to prevent hemolysis, jaundice, and bilirubin entry into the brain [1-4].

Infant anemia caused by clamping the umbilical cord too early
    A series of experiments by William Windle and colleagues [5-9].

Manipulations with the cord clamp
    A new use for the umbilical cord clamp, to selectively clamp the umbilical arteries
    and promote quick drainage of placental blood into the baby [10].  The umbilical
    arteries of course, by natures design, transport blood from the baby and provide
    the signal for the continuing transport of blood from the placenta.

Research on anatomy and physiology of the umbilical cord
    Evidence that oxygenation of the newborn's blood following onset of pulmonary
    respiration is the primary stimulus for closure of the umbilical arteries [11].

More on blood volume increase with late ligation of the cord
    Postnatal placental transfusion as a means to prevent newborn shock [12]..

Effects of anesthesia and ergotrate on postnatal placental transfusion
    Pulsations of the umbilical cord continue longer when anesthesia has been
    administered during labor [13].

(in progress)
References
  1. Landsteiner K, Weiner AS (1940) An agglutinable factor in human blood
    recognized by immune sera for rhesus blood. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1940;
    43:223
  2. Levine P et al. (1941) Isoimmunization in pregnancy: its possible bearing on
    the etiology of erythroblastosis fetalis. JAMA. 1941; 116:825–827.
  3. Diamond LK (1948) Replacement Transfusion as a Treatment of
    Erythroblastosis Fetalis. Pediatrics, 1948;2:520-524.
  4. Pearson HA. Commentary: Replacement transfusion as a treatment of
    erythroblastosis fetalis, by Louis K. Diamond, MD, Pediatrics, 1948;2:520-
    524. Pediatrics. 1998 Jul; 102(1 supplement):203-5.
  5. Windle WF (1940) Round table discussion on anemias of infancy (from the
    proceedings of the tenth annual meeting of the American Academy of
    Pediatrics) Journal of Pediatrics 18:538-547.
  6. Wilson EE, Windle WF, Alt HL (1941) Deprivation of placental blood as a
    cause of iron deficiency in infants. Am J Dis Child 62:320-327.
  7. DeMarsh QB, Alt HL, Windle WF, Hillis DS (1941) The effect of depriving the
    infant of its placental blood; on the blood picture during the first week of life.
    JAMA 116:2568-2573.
  8. DeMarsh QB Alt HL, Windle WF (1948) Factors incluencing the blood
    picture of the newborn; studies on sinus blood on the first an third days.
    American Journal of Diseases of Children 75:860-871.
  9. DeMarsh QB, Windle WF, Alt HL (1942) Blood volume of newborn infant in
    relation to early and late clamping of umbilical cord. Am J Dis Child 63:1123-
    1129.
  10. Fortier GMA. Benefit from early clamping of umbilical arteries. Am J Obstet
    Gynecol 1945 Feb; 49(2):304-5.
  11. Spivack M. The anatomic peculiarities of the human umbilical cord and their
    clinical significance. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1946 Sep; 52(3):387-401.
  12. Ballentine GN (1947) Delayed ligation of the umbilical cord. The
    Pennsylvania Medical Journal 1947,Apr;50 (7):726-728.
  13. Rucker MP. Late ligation of the umbilical cord. Am J Ob Gyn 1949 Dec; 58
    (6):1117-9.
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